Bill Cara

Shouting the Alarm Before 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis: From Bill Cara’s archives

November 26, 2024

While searching the internet this week for an article I wrote in the Bahamas while living and working there in 2006, I discovered a blog by somebody called “wabrew” that referred to a selection of my extensive Week In Review report dated October 14, 2006.

Earlier that year, the editors of the Wall St. Journal had asked me to debate a hedge fund manager who was also editor of Fortune magazine, as I recall. The WSJ liked my take on the worsening state of the global financial system and the need for tougher regulation. WSJ published the debate as the start of a major feature on disparate opinions on the Street. My debate opponent clearly had a different view than me and followed up by mocking the points I had made. A few months later, I ramped up my concerns in my blog, including the one I found from wabrew.

On Oct 14, 2006, $GOLD was $582.70. Today’s White House Economic Advisor, Larry Kudlow, was a CNBC personality back then who continuously ranted about how the USD was all-powerful and that $GOLD was a pathetic investment. I mocked him daily. In the article, I guessed that $GOLD would soon strengthen to over $700 and “probably over $800” while the dollar would weaken. That call was prescient because 53 weeks later, $GOLD opened the week at $805, a gain of about +38%. Goldminer stocks were soaring. The 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis had begun.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008

That was the year that two SEC office Directors called me in the Bahamas, saying they had tabbed me as one of the top ten most influential bloggers on capital markets and asked if I would join a committee that Chairman Christopher Cox was overseeing. Of course, I accepted.

Also, that year, I was invited to a day-long conference by the head of Citigroup’s institutional sales department. While registering, three or four desks stopped, and the staff came over to say hello. What was more surprising was their claim that the boss had demanded that if any of his staff were to read blogs during working hours, the billcara.com blog would be the only one.

But, when I reviewed the wabrew-selected commentary from the WIR report I had been publishing every week for several years, I can say that I am rightfully proud of my perspective and writing about capital markets and social equity. I have always done this free and without advertising, for which Barron’s magazine wrote a nice article about me but called me eccentric. Open discussion has always been permitted, with the need to ban fewer than a dozen participants, which is amazing considering we have had well over 300,000 readers throughout 15 and a half years.

Wabrew below refers to what concerned me ten months before the US subprime crisis, which led to the meltdown of the global financial system in 2007- 2008.

Huge bearish thoughts from Bill Cara

Discussion in ‘Economics’ started by wabrewOct 15, 2006.

The following commentary can be found about 1/2 way down Bill’s weekly WIR – full report at http://www.billcara.com/archives/2006/10/week_41_20061014_in_review_ini.html.

Can anyone direct me to a bullish argument as eloquent as Bill’s bear argument?


Here is an excerpt from this week’s report —–

Today, the 200-day MA for $GOLD is 599.78, and the 50-day MA is 605.37. So, the current price ($582.70) is below these MAs, which represent technical resistance.

The $540-$560 was tested successfully, and now I believe—based on a $USD that can’t seem to cross up through the 200-Day MA resistance—that $GOLD is headed to the mid-600s. I admit to being out on a limb here, but I am not alone. That’s a view, by the way, shared with most of the major broker-dealer analysts.

Could we be on the same wavelength?

The people I hear talking about Gold at $540 – $500 – $440, etc., mostly like Larry Kudlow and from small buy-side firms that CNBC likes to present to break the monotony.

I believe the next Bull phase in the gold market will be fueled by a sliding $USD. $GOLD will move back over $700 and probably (as I see it) over $800. I also see that happening sooner rather than later—say, within 12 months.

When I look into the future of these gold miners, I can see many new but small mines coming onstream and the winding down of some major producers. The net effect will likely be declining gold production over the next 5 to 8 years.

The U.S. reserves of gold are still huge and quite sufficient to sell off bullion to keep the price from escalating to $2000, $3,000, or $4000. Nonetheless, as I have repeatedly mentioned in this report, I am concerned about the prospects of a financial system failure. The problem is that financial futures are a zero-sum game. I don’t see how it could return to zero without counter-party failure along the way to positions being unwound.

You see, the credit default swap (CDS) market is now much bigger than the cash bond market and has been growing in one direction. But, like Amaranth discovered with Natural Gas, trying to unwind positions when the cash market goes to extremes against you is almost impossible. With a cushion of another $10 billion or $20 billion, Amaranth might have weathered the storm. But $10 billion wasn’t enough. As it happened, Amaranth had a little equity remaining when it rebalanced its NG positions, so clients lost that $6.5 billion.

But let’s suppose the next time a major bank is hedged (directly or via client positions) on interest rates only to say 6.00 pct on the long bonds, and its exposure is greater than its total capital. Say interest rates go 7, 8, 9, or 10 pct in several days as failures start to ring up, and large banks have to go to the Fed to borrow funds they cannot collect from failing clients.

I’m not a risk management expert, but I have heard and read such experts say that they believe failures will occur and they will involve big-name banks. I believe this because it’s happened before. The S&L crisis of the 1980s caused the failure of many banks. Then, in the 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis wiped out trillions in equity and sent the country into a deflationary spiral.

Those two crises, however, occurred before Credit-Default Swaps existed. They are now growing about as fast as the total assets of the world’s biggest 1,000 banks. That growth is only possible if the interbank credit ring remains unbroken.

Given that we could experience a banking crisis of the magnitude that occurred in the Great Depression (1929 and through the 1930s), I think it is important for the various components of Humungous Bank & Broker to assuage the concerns of depositors, creditors, and shareholders (all of us because it involves pension funds) by issuing reports that quantify the risks.

I think it’s important to do that now before there is a 1,000—or 2,000-point loss in the DJIA or a 100—or 200-basis-point move in bond yields in a week that would permanently sink some huge hedge funds and banks, putting everybody’s capital at risk.

What concerns me most is that when you drill down the revenue base of HB&B, you’ll see that the reported net interest income of some of these banks is almost nil in growth—certainly single-digit growth—while “fees” are growing at numbers like +20 pct Y/Y and “trading revenues” are growing at numbers like +50 pct.

That result is not sustainable.

What happens when “trading losses” start to happen? What happens to net interest income during long periods of inverted yield curves? What happens to loan losses when refinancing mortgage loans becomes too costly for the average Joe? Will Mom & Pop start runs on those banks?

Part two of his report —

Around 1990, it was a fact that 10 of the 10 largest banks in the world were Japanese. We didn’t know how or when it would come, but we knew a crash was inevitable. I’m starting to hear the same today about American banks.

The $USD is not “a veritable powerhouse.” It is not “the greatest story never told.”

Anybody who believes that stuff is a fool soon parted from their money.

Things are always changing, which in itself is nothing to fear. We need change. But, early in 2001, I’d never heard of a Credit-Default Swap. In 2001, total bank assets were under $30 trillion (largest 1,000 banks); now they’re at something like $70 trillion, and I think too large for bankers to manage appropriately, so they have turned to computer systems many of them don’t comprehend.

If a bank CEO doesn’t 100 percent comprehend the futures market or the Swaps market, that bank has no right to be a player. Look what happened at Barings Bank, the venerable institution known as the Queen’s Bank. That wasn’t a mental breakdown by a so-called rogue trader, which (was re-writing) history; it was a breakdown of management control systems. The bosses didn’t know what the junior staff were up to. But I think the same exists today on a much greater scale.

When a bank crashes, the senior officers ought to be sent to prison for their arrogance and gross deceit toward their customers.

The structure of capital markets has changed so much because of political policies under George Bush. Because of a 1-pct Fed rate, debt grew so fast—I am in awe. The only thing stopping that growth is the market’s inability to service that debt. But what will happen when the Fed rate moves higher from this point?

If our savings rate was at record high levels instead of in minus territory, I’m sure the People could handle the implications of an 11 or 12-pct Fed rate; but today, I doubt they could handle a Fed rate of more than 5.50 to 6.00 pct. When the tipping point is so low, I am alarmed.

I think the discontent I read about today is mostly this: There is a growing nervousness that a “major financial accident” and “systemic failure to the financial system” could happen because we are too close to the line.

Most people do not want to hold gold, a form of cash, an unallocated asset earning nothing. They’d rather put their money to work. Then they see companies built by the two wealthiest persons in the world sitting on cash hordes of $40 billion, with apparently no single place to invest at a satisfactory internal rate of return, and they wonder why. They see found-money Johnny-come-lately’s spending almost $2 billion to buy an unproven asset in YouTube. The joke of that came from watching a TV interviewer on the streets of New York the day of the Google-YouTube announcement if they knew what YouTube was, and nobody — repeat, nobody — had an inkling.

Isn’t that the definition of risk-taking, where you take the shareholder’s money and spend it on something nobody has heard of? And, if you haven’t heard of it, you certainly don’t understand it and cannot put a measure of risk to it.

Today, banks are up to their yin-yang in futures and swaps, and senior managers don’t even know what a blog is and cannot operate a Blackberry.

I once met with a senior executive at Bell Canada. While waiting in the reception area, his Executive Assistant asked me not to discuss anything technical because she didn’t want her boss to be embarrassed. This man was managing a technology powerhouse, and he was a Luddite. That was the Peter Principle at work, and today, it exists in Humungous Bank & Broker, where managing these companies is too great a task for mere humans.

So, people with common sense gravitate to gold—just as prudent traders did during the Great Depression and families fleeing regional political crises and military conflict have done forever.

This weekend, I was asked what percentage of capital that one should allocate to gold and silver. Asset allocation is a matter of personal choice.

My opinion on that has changed within the past five years. Starting at a low of 5 pct, my view changed after the U.S. sent soldiers into Afghanistan, but it was still in the 6 to 7 pct range. Then came 9-11-2001, when it moved into the 8 to 9 pct range at a maximum point of cycle for $XAU. Then, when I started to see evidence of reflation policy, it moved to a maximum of about 12 pct.

Now, because of the sheer craziness of trading by hedge funds, the explosion of the CDS market, which I think masks traditional volatility measures like VIX, the overt manipulation by the Fed and Treasury, way over-the-top hyping of markets by CNBC, ultra-high M3, elimination of the M3 disclosure, huge casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan, nuclear confrontation by North Korea and the breakdown of diplomacy at the U.N. all around the table, breakdown of values in North America where altering accounting records is deemed by many Talking Heads as being acceptable because so many companies do it. On and on, my views have changed. I’m now at an all-time high allocation in gold-related securities of 25 pct. A year or so ago, I never thought I’d see the day when more than one-eighth (12.5 pct) allocation would be advisable.

There is something else that is positive, I think. Two things.

One is that forex is now widely recognized as an asset class, so trading between dollars, Canadian dollars, euros, pounds, yen, etc., has become as acceptable to Mom and Pop as trading penny stocks. Companies like FXCM, which many of you have never heard of, are now doing as much currency trading as any big-name second-tier bank. Whether that’s good or not is another issue, but I’m happy to see the acceptance of forex trading as an asset class.

The other is that growth and consolidation in the precious metals industry have brought an increased sophistication. These companies are now operated by experts, not the old-style stock promoter — although there are still some of those around — and they have a larger and more diverse array of minerals properties, with much greater technical understanding of their resources. For proof of that, look at Agnico-Eagle’s story today versus when Paul Penna — bless his heart — was in his heyday. Also, the World Gold Council has grown as a sophisticated organization, showing great leadership.

So, all in all, I feel more comfortable investing in the precious metals industry.

The same is true for base metals, but gold and silver have the reality that this is money to many people in the world. They horde the physical stuff because paper money is sometimes useless, and there will always be a value to gold and silver.

The latter point I am making is that I am investing in precious metals today the way I used to trade shares of Alcoa, Alcan, Rio Tinto, and U.S. Steel. In fact, I have more confidence in the PM market than I do in the Oil and gas market now that politics is involved in things like Strategic Petroleum Reserves.