Bill Cara

Major Foreign Owners of US Bonds & Equities

April 25, 2025

(Estimates in USD, based on latest disclosures, TIC data, and annual reports)

InstitutionCountryTotal US AssetsUS EquitiesUS Bonds/Fixed IncomeOther US Assets (Real Estate, Alternatives)Notes
Norges Bank Investment Mgmt (NBIM)Norway~450–450–500B~350–350–400B~50–50–100BMinimalWorld’s largest SWF; heavy focus on US tech stocks.
Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF)Japan~200–200–250B~100–100–150B~50–50–100BMinimalJapan’s largest pension fund; passive equity focus.
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB)Canada~200–200–250B~100–100–150B~$50B~$50B (real estate, infra)Active in private US markets.
APG Asset ManagementNetherlands~150–150–200B~80–80–120B~50–50–80B~$20B (real estate)Manages Dutch civil service pensions.
AustralianSuperAustralia~100–100–150B~60–60–100B~30–30–50B~10–10–20BLargest AU super fund; growing US exposure.
China Investment Corp (CIC)China~200–200–300B~100–100–150B~100–100–150BMinimalLimits disclosed due to geopolitical sensitivity.
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA)UAE~150–150–200B~100–100–130B~50–50–70B~$20B (real estate)Diversified across sectors.
GIC Private LimitedSingapore~100–100–150B~60–60–90B~40–40–60B~10–10–20BActive in US startups and real estate.
Temasek HoldingsSingapore~80–80–120B~50–50–80B~20–20–40B~$10B (VC/PE)Concentrated in tech and finance.
Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA)Kuwait~50–50–100B~30–30–60B~20–20–40BMinimalConservative bond allocations.
Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF)Saudi Arabia~50–50–80B~30–30–50B~10–10–20B~$10B (VC/gaming)Rapidly increasing US tech stakes.
Qatar Investment Authority (QIA)Qatar~40–40–60B~20–20–40B~10–10–20B~$10B (real estate)Heavy investor in US infrastructure.
Future Fund (Australia)Australia~30–30–50B~20–20–30B~10–10–20BMinimalSovereign wealth fund of Australia.
Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ)Canada~50–50–70B~30–30–40B~10–10–20B~$10B (infra)Active in North American private equity.
Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan (OTPP)Canada~40–40–60B~20–20–30B~10–10–20B~$10B (real estate)Significant US real estate holdings.
National Pension Service (NPS) of KoreaSouth Korea~80–80–120B~50–50–80B~30–30–40BMinimalIncreasing US equity allocations.
Swiss National Bank (SNB)Switzerland~200–200–250B~100–100–150B~$100BMinimalHolds U.S. stocks as FX reserves.
Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)Hong Kong~50–50–80B~20–20–40B~30–30–40BMinimalManages Hong Kong’s reserves.
Alaska Permanent FundUSA (Alaska)~20–20–30B~10–10–20B